李树春

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What is NLP?

NLP是什么？

NLP stands for Neuro-Linguistic Programming, a name that encompasses the three most influential components involved in producing human experience: neurology, language and programming. The neurological system regulates how our bodies function, language determines how we interface and communicate with other people and our programming determines the kinds of models of the world we create. Neuro-Linguistic Programming describes the fundamental dynamics between mind (neuro) and language (linguistic) and how their interplay effects our body and behavior (programming).

NLP指的是Neuro-Linguistic Programming（国内翻译为“神经语言程序学”），包含了三个能产生人类经验的最具影响力的组成部分：神经学、语言与编程。神经系统调节我们的身体功能，语言决定了我们如何与他人协调和沟通，我们的程序设计决定了我们创造什么样的世界模式。NLP描绘的是心灵（神经学）与语言（语言学）之间的基础动力学，以及他们如何相互作用于我们的身体和行为（程序设计）。

NLP is a pragmatic school of thought - an 'epistemology' - that addresses the many levels involved in being human. NLP is a multi-dimensional process that involves the development of behavioral competence and flexibility, but also involves strategic thinking and an understanding of the mental and cognitive processes behind behavior. NLP provides tools and skills for the development of states of individual excellence, but it also establishes a system of empowering beliefs and presuppositions about what human beings are, what communication is and what the process of change is all about. At another level, NLP is about self-discovery, exploring identity and mission. It also provides a framework for understanding and relating to the 'spiritual' part of human experience that reaches beyond us as individuals to our family, community and global systems. NLP is not only about competence and excellence, it is about wisdom and vision.

NLP是个实用的学问——是个“认识论”——涉及人类自身的很多层次。NLP是一整套具有多维空间角度的方法，即开发了行为的能力和灵活性，也包括战略思考和对行为背后的精神、感知过程的理解。NLP提供了工具和技巧来开发个体的卓越状态，也建立了一个关于人类卓越信念和前提假设的系统，来说明沟通是什么以及改变的过程是什么。在另一个层次上，NLP又是自我发现、是寻找身份和生命意义。它同样提供了一个框架，去理解和联系人类经验中的“心灵（精神）”层面，以便把体层面发展到家庭、团体和全球的大系统中。NLP不仅仅是关于才干和卓越的，更包含着智慧和远见。

In essence, all of NLP is founded on two fundamental presuppositions:

1.       The Map is Not the Territory. As human beings, we can never know reality. We can only know our perceptions of reality. We experience and respond to the world around us primarily through our sensory representational systems. It is our 'neuro-linguistic' maps of reality that determine how we behave and that give those behaviors meaning, not reality itself. It is generally not reality that limits us or empowers us, but rather our map of reality.

本质上，NLP是建立在两个基本假设的基础上：

1.       地图不是实地。我们永远不了解现实世界是什么。我们了解的只是自己对现实世界的认知。我们对于身边世界的体验和回应主要是通过我们的知觉表现系统（亦即感官系统）。是我们的关于现实世界的“神经-语言”地图决定了我们做出什么样的行为，以及给这些行为赋予意义，而不是现实的世界决定的。通常，是我们关于现实的地图（而非现实本身）限制了我们或者赋予了我们。

2. Life and 'Mind' are Systemic Processes. The processes that take place within a human being and between human beings and their environment are systemic. Our bodies, our societies, and our universe form an ecology of complex systems and sub-systems all of which interact with and mutually influence each other. It is not possible to completely isolate any part of the system from the rest of the system. Such systems are based on certain 'self-organizing' principles and naturally seek optimal states of balance or homeostasis.

2.       生命和“心灵”是一系列系统的过程。发生在人与人之间、人与环境之间的过程是系统的。我们的身体、社会以及宇宙形成了一个包含复杂而孤立个体的生态系统，各个子系统相互联系、相互影响。想要完全的与系统中的其他部分隔离开来，是不可能的。这样的系统都是基于“自我组织”原则和自动寻找最佳平衡状态法则的。

All of the models and techniques of NLP are based on the combination of these two principles. In the belief system of NLP it is not possible for human beings to know objective reality. Wisdom, ethics and ecology do not derive from having the one 'right' or 'correct' map of the world, because human beings would not be capable of making one. Rather, the goal is to create the richest map possible that respects the systemic nature and ecology of ourselves and the world we live in. The people who are most effective are the ones who have a map of the world that allows them to perceive the greatest number of available choices and perspectives. NLP is a way of enriching the choices that you have and perceive as available in the world around you. Excellence comes from having many choices. Wisdom comes from having multiple perspectives.

所有的NLP模式和技巧都是基于以上两个原则的组合。在NLP的信念系统里，人类是不可能了解客观现实的。智慧、道德和生态平衡不是取决于拥有一个“对的”或者“正确的”地图，因为人类还没有实现这样一个地图的能力。然而，我们的目的是去创造一个尽可能丰富的“尊重系统性的自然和个体与世界的生态平衡”地图。最具效率的人是那些具有这样的地图：让他们感知到最多的实用的选择和观察世界的视角。NLP就是增加你感知身边所有有用的事物的选择机会而已。卓越来自于拥有更多的选择机会,智慧源于不同的思考角度。

NLP was originated by John Grinder (whose background was in linguistics) and Richard Bandler (whose background was in mathematics and gestalt therapy) for the purpose of making explicit models of human excellence. Their first work The Structure of Magic Vol. I & II (1975, 1976) identified the verbal and behavioral patterns of therapists Fritz Perls (the creator of gestalt therapy) and Virginia Satir (internationally renowned family therapist). Their next work Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Vol. I & II (1975, 1976) examined the verbal and behavioral patterns of Milton Erickson, founder of the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis and one of the most widely acknowledged and clinically successful psychiatrists of our times. As a result of this earlier work, Grinder and Bandler formalized their modeling techniques and their own individual contributions under the name "Neuro-Linguistic Programming" to symbolize the relationship between the brain, language and the body. The basics of this model has been described in a series of books including Frogs Into Princes (Bandler & Grinder, 1979 ) , Neuro-Linguistic Programming Vol. I (Dilts, Grinder, Bandler, DeLozier, 1980), Reframing (Bandler & Grinder, 1982) and Using Your Brain (Bandler, 1985). Through the years, NLP has developed some very powerful tools and skills for communication and change in a wide range of professional areas including: counseling, psychotherapy, education, health, creativity, law, management, sales, leadership and parenting.

NLP是由John Grinder（具有语言学知识背景）和Richard Bandler（具有数学和完型疗法知识背景）创立的，其目的是发现人类卓越表现的模式。他们的第一部作品是The Structure of Magic Vol. I & II (1975, 1976)（台湾版《神奇的结构1&2》）解构了临床医学家Fritz Perls （完型疗法的创始人）和Virginia Satir（国际知名的家庭治疗大师）的口头与行为的模式。接下来，他们完成了Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Vol. I & II (1975, 1976)（《弥尔顿.埃里克森催眠治疗模式1&2》，台湾版《催眠天书1&2》），Milton Erickson是美国临床催眠协会创始人、是当代公认的临床治疗最成功的精神病医师。他们解构了Milton Erickson的口头和行为的模式。由于他们早期的工作，Grinder和Bandler将他们的模仿技巧和他们各自的共享命名为“Neuro-Linguistic Programming”，以表明头脑、语言与身体之间关系。这些基本的模式被记载在一系列书籍当中，包括：Frogs Into Princes (Bandler & Grinder, 1979 )（台湾版《青蛙变王子》），Neuro-Linguistic Programming Vol. I (Dilts, Grinder, Bandler, DeLozier, 1980)（台湾版《大脑操作手册》），Reframing (Bandler & Grinder, 1982)（改观）和Using Your Brain (Bandler, 1985)（使用你的大脑）。这些年来，NLP已经发展出一些关于沟通和改变的强大工具和技巧，用于广泛的专业领域：咨询、心理疗法、教育、健康、创造力、法律、管理、销售、领导力和家庭……

本文的英文原文来自于http://www.nlpu.com/whatnlp.htm